3D printer Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3D printer - Lab Report Example There are several accessories required to use the equipment in the lab. An advanced slicing engine, the algorithm that directs a MakerBot Replicator, powers the machine. The materials used determine the product, but it is essential to understand the software and other computer applications that are required for the model before printing (3D Creation Lab). One also needs to select an appropriate polymer or business papers if one needs a durable prototype. The process for 3D printing is a lengthy process, but in the end, it turns digital designs into realism. It involves laying successive layers of materials using a computer, in an additive process that continues until one reaches the desired product in terms of geometry and shape. A computer aided design (CAD) package is used to design a model before the printing process (3D Creation Lab). After examining the design for manifold errors, one converts the model into thin layers, which designers tailor according to the type of printer. An inkjet printer head sets down material onto a powder bed in succession, through processes such as extrusion and

Investigation of temperature on catalase activity Essay Example for Free

Investigation of temperature on catalase activity Essay The aim of this experiment is to find out the effect of temperature on catalase or hydrogen peroxide. This will enable us to tell at what temperature hydrogen peroxide is most efficient. This (degradation) reaction will help us determine some of the catalases different attributes. HYPOTHESIS In this experiment it would be safe to hypothesise that no activity would take place at 1 to 20 degrees. It would be probable that a little activity would take place around 40 degrees. When the water gets to around 60+ the oxygen bubbles start to froth. It is almost certain that this will happen due to the behaviour of the atom. This means that the hotter the water gets the more active the water molecules become. Thus the colder the water gets the less active the water becomes. Another theory is that different things adapt according to their habitat. Therefore, catalase would be most active at around 37 degrees body temperature. This means that in this experiment catalase would be most active in the water bath that is at 40 degrees Celsius. METHOD Before the experiment could be started the following apparatus needed to be obtained: Cork Borer Water Baths at 3,20,40 and 60 degrees Celsius Potato Ruler Stopwatch Detergent Hydrogen Peroxide Now that all this apparatus has been obtained, it is possible to start the experiment. Eight test tubes will be required because the experiment is being done twice in each water bath. Use a marker pen to mark the specific temperature on the test tubes so as to make sure that there are no possible errors. Now place these test tubes in a test tube rack. Take the cork borer no. 4, and take a cylinder of potato using the cork borer. Do this until you have eight cylinders. If there are any cylinders that are uneven in size, then take the cylinder again using the cork borer. Now that you have good cylinders, cut them to equal length equal to 1.5cms. cubed. Once this has been done, put each potato cylinder in a test tube. Now it is almost time to start the experiment, so have a stop- watch at the ready. Pour 5cms cubed of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into each test tube. Now go to the first water bath that is 3 degrees Celsius and take a pipette and pour 10 drops of detergent into the first 2 test tubes (the test tubes that are labelled 3 degrees Celsius). Once you have done this, immediately start the stopwatch and simultaneously put the 2 tubes into the water bath. Repeat this process for the next 3 water baths. Although only 1 stopwatch has been used, the time will be fairly accurate since a delay has been created. When 5 minutes is up go to the first water bath with a ruler and measure the amount of froth on each test tube. RESULTS Experiment No.Temperature (oC)Height of Froth (cm)Average Height of Froth (cm) 133.33.15 2333.15 1203.43.5 2203.63.5 1406.56.0 2405.56.0 16032.95 2602.92.95 CONCLUSION In conclusion to this experiment, it is evident that catalase is most active at 40 degrees Celsius. There is a trend in a graph that shows the froth increases up towards 40 degrees Celsius and dips when reaching 60 degrees Celsius. It is not just a case of the Enzymes activity decreasing it becomes denatured shortly after it reaches its optimum level of activity. EVALUATION In this evaluation, the flaws and the limitations of this experiment will be outlined. The procedures in this experiment were very effective. Unlike many other experiments the control of the variables was without fault, because a machine was controlling them, i.e. the water bath. There were not many limitations of equipment, and the only way the equipment could have been improved would have been to have the experiment monitored by computer. All the sources of error in this experiment were with the non-variables. Firstly, there was no way of being sure that each potato was the exact same length or mass. A way of improving this would be using a guillotine-type device, meaning that the potatoes were at least the exact same length since  they were cut at equal angles all together. Another flaw is the amount of H2O2 poured into each separate test tube. This is cannot be improved upon unless done by machine. Other sources of error that could only have been improved upon by machine are height of froth, and amount of detergent. A major defect that could have affected the results is the timing. This is because of the delay system used. The only way that the delay system could have worked like clockwork is if it took the exact same time to measure froth as to pour detergent. There are two ways of improving this. The first is to make the experiment last longer. This would mean that it would not matter if there were a few seconds difference in the times, because no more froth could have been produced. The second is that if the experiment was timed separately for each bath.

Prejudice in The Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Prejudice in The Merchant of Venice It is my strong belief that the play, "The Merchant of Venice", should be taught in classes. If this play was banned from schools it would most certainly be a form of censorship. The play teaches us about prejudice, and why it is wrong. People would see how everyone was hurt at one time or another by a prejudice, whether it was the Christians making fun of Shylock or Shylock showing his prejudice to the Christian's. I imagine that anyone watching, listening or reading this play would see how everyone was hurt, and would learn of racism's faulty basis's for judging someone. Some people would have you think that the play itself is racist, and provides a forum in which racism can grow and become only a bigger problem. I think that this is a flawed way of looking at it. I see the play as a confrontation of a modern day problem which society still faces. Rather than providing a forum for racism to grow, the play provides a forum for anti-racism discussion, if all proper steps are taken. When I say if all proper steps are taken, I am referring to having this play taught by a teacher, who can explain the plays meaning in it's fullest so that the students do not miss any important points from it. Another point that may have been missed when the presentation was made to the school board to ban the material from being taught inside the school system was that everyone is bad in the play. The Christians portrayal was just as bad as the Jewish man, Shylock's portrayal. In fact I think that the play gave a worse portrayal of the Christian's because they ended up being the most evil, through taking away everything that Shylock had and making him become Christian. While Shylock did want to kill someone, the punishment invoked on him was even worse. As you can see, there are many reasons why "The Merchant of Venice" should be taught in classrooms. A. Whitney Griswold said in a speech (1952), "Books won't stay banned. They won't burn. Ideas won't go to jail.

The Womb: The New Scientific Frontier? :: Pregnancy Fetus Papers

The Womb: The New Scientific Frontier? In 1967 James Conniff, a reporter for the New York Times Magazine, wrote that the womb was the new frontier of science (Maynard-Moody, 1995). His article, and a smattering of other voices uncomfortable with fetal research, were a foreshadow of the great political and social controversy over the use of fetuses in scientific research. Prior to the Supreme Court's ruling in Roe vs. Wade in 1973, fetal research went on relatively peacefully without any protests from the public. After abortion was made legal by the Court's decision, the country was split between pro- and antiabortionists. While not their primary target, fetal research became another issue used by the antiabortionists to further their political interests. "Fetal research became a small skirmish in the larger battle over abortion" (Maynard-Moody, 1995). Representatives in government were sometimes elected based solely on their abortion position. The immense political pressure brought on by the antiabortionists caused otherw ise pro-research politicians to vote for bans on fetal research. A ban on federally-funded fetal research was put in place by the Reagan Administration and continued through Bush's years in office. A day after Clinton was inaugurated, he lifted this ban. The political and social controversy surrounding the use of fetuses has not died down or been resolved, however. No one doubts the value that fetal cells might have in the treatment or cure of many diseases, but the arguments on both sides of this issue deal with ethical considerations. The basic factor that informs both sides is how they define the rights of the fetus. On one side is the view that if the fetus is nonviable or is going to be aborted anyway, it is just tissue that should not go to waste. The other side of this issue are those that consider it immoral to use tissue from abortions. One proponent of this view is John Cardinal Krol who said, "If there is a more unspeakable crime than abortion itself, it is using the victims of abortion as living human guinea pigs" (Maynard-Moody, 1995). Steven Maynard-Moody, in his book The Dilemma of the Fetus, discusses the underlying tension that makes this and other medical advances such as gene therapy or human cloning so controversial in our society. He says that the underlying tension is "the friction between our addiction to progress and our fear that science erodes human values" (Maynard-Moody, 1995). He gives the example of the tragedy of the medieval Dr.

Free and Fair Election

Free and Fair Election The electoral system have to be fair and just and to ensure this, free and fair election will be held when the Parliament is dissolved or finish it’s sitting duration of 5 years. A free and fair election must be in orderly manner and it must not have Coup d’etat. Coup d’etat is meant by a sudden decisive exercise of force in politics . It is an alteration of an existing government by a small group that tend to create riots and chaos. The current Malaysia government believe that Bersih 2. 0 and 3. 0 is an attempted coup d’etat to topple the government – an allegation made by the Prime Minister himself.But the 8 demands from Bersih 2. 0 have no bias standing against any of the governmental parties in Malaysia. Basically they just wanted a clean and fair election, which is the fundamental element in the electoral system. Malaysia practices the simple plurality system which is also known as ‘first-past-the-post system. The h allmark of this system is that constituencies are single-member constituencies and a candidate with the largest vote wins the electoral district even if it does not constitute an absolute majority of the electors.Article 116 and 117 constitute that representatives at State and Federal level are divided into constituencies in accordance with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule. This system is following the Westminster post system which is also followed by UK and India. The MP who won the election does not usually equal to the majority of votes. They won the election by simple majority but not the entire popularity of the voters. The fundamental built on this system is that each voter is entitled to only one vote. Constituencies are approximately equal in population size so that it carries the same value.All constituencies are single-member constituencies so that there are as many electoral districts as there are seats in the elected chamber. Only one ballot is held an d the candidate obtaining the most votes is declared elected. Candidate with the largest vote wins. The advantages of the simple plurality system are that it produces a clear winner; it provides political stability; reduce the number of political parties represented in Parliament; enables stability in government and ensures easy passage of legislation through Parliament. Furthermore, it avours large groups and coalition and eliminates small parties, making it an easy tunnel for the legislation making to pass through. There is no perfection in everything, so does the political electoral system. One of the defects of first-past-the-post system is that it produces parliaments that are elected but not representative. Democratic legitimate is in doubt because the ascendancy of government population is usually below 50%. Voters who voted for unsuccessful candidates receive no representation in Parliament. In 1982, 60. 5% of the votes gave to the Barisan 85. 7% of the constituencies. In 20 04, 63. % of the ballots translated to 90. 41 seats in the Dewan Rakyat. These flaws can be minimized with the system of proportional representation where the parliamentary seats are given to the parties in proportion to the number of votes obtained by them. In single transferable vote system, a candidate is elected only if he obtains the quota of the vote cast. It is a multi-member constituency but each voter has only one vote and he is required to mark out his preference for different candidates. In the list system,each party is allowed to put up a list of candidates equal to the number of seats to be filled.The voter gives his vote to the whole list en bloc. There must have an honest and competent administration to run the election so that the election will be fair. The Election Commission must be fair. Article 114(2) of FC written that in appointing members of the Election Commission the YDPA shall have regard to the importance of securing an Election Commission which enjoys pub lic confidence. This implies that public confidence is essential and to gain the public trust, independent and fair Election Commission is a must.In Article 114(4)(b) and (c) also clearly stated that the YDPA shall by order remove from office any member of the Election Commission if such member engages in any paid office or employment outside the duties of his office or is a member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State. By staying away from the executive and legislative branch, it prevents the Election Commission from choosing side or bias towards any of the party in the election. Even their remuneration comes from consolidated fund as stated in Article 114(5) of Federal Constitution.This proves that the Election Commission is neutral from the government. Their duties are to conduct election, keep the election roll clean and constitutes boundary as listed. Mobilising organisations like political parties aided our country to envisage democracy. Non-p olitical associations and organisations like firms, industries, trade unions and religious organisations help to create and mobilize public opinion. This indicates that developed system of a political party is essential to ensure fair and free election. In Malaysia political parties are allowed but they must apply for registration under Societies Act.Nearly 34 political parties are registered with the Registrar of Societies. The ruling Barisan National is the world’s most enduring political coalition. Starting out as the Alliance since 1955, today it has 14 parties, 9 which won federal parliamentary seats. There are 20 registered opposition parties, 4 of which gained parliamentary representation. To achieve a free and fair election, candidates must apply the general rules of fair play. Equal chances should be given to each participating parties to conduct their election campaign.Election campaign could be conducted through media and spreading their propaganda. Shifting voters illegally, creating â€Å"phantom† voters, granting illegal immigrants citizenship and the right to vote, buying votes, handing out cash aid to vulnerable groups, and intimidating voters are crimes of election and must not be conducted in any way. The use of propaganda is limited in some countries by forbidding use of opinion polls, newspaper advertisement and house to house campaigns. Giving of free transport, food and bribes to the electorate is forbidden.But government after government gets around the law by promising or delivering â€Å"development aid† just before the election (Prof. Shad Saleem Faruqi, 2008). In Malaysia, under the Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1959-82, the period for election campaign has been progressively shortened from the period of 147 days to a minimum of 11 days. The conduct of the campaign is supposed to be fair and equal to each participating parties. But the Government’s ban on political processions on the alleged ground of security make the certain parties unable to reach the electorate and to mobilise public opinion.The short campaign period limits out the other parties to reach out to the electorate. The ownership and control of the mainstream print and electronic media by the Government or groups affiliated with the ruling coalition like TV3, Bernama and Berita Harian gives the Government an unfair advantage over its opponents. These issues need to be addressed and redressed. The right to speech, assembly and association are the essential pillars of a democratic set-up; to reach the goal of free and fair election. Speech, assembly and association are restrained considerably in Malaysia.Though Article 10(1) enshrines these freedoms, Articles 10(2), 10(4), 149 and 150 permit the Parliament to impose restrictions on the exercise of these freedoms on 14 constitutionally permissible grounds. A plethora of laws has been enacted under the authority of the Constitution to ensure that electoral z eal does not compromise race relations, national security and public order. As in during ordinary or election campaign, processions, public rallies and assemblies are not allowed except with a police permit under the Police Act. The recent case of Bersih 2. rally was an assembly that was not permitted by the Police Act, although their organization was legal and permitted. The root to achieve fair and free election results is through the votes. Malaysia uses the â€Å"One vote, one value† which is based on one cardinal principle- that constituencies should be approximately equal in population size so as to give reality to the principle of one person, one vote, one value. This principle is an offshoot of the rule of equality before the law. The weightage of the votes are differ based on geographical areas, basically categorized into rural and urban area.The Baker v Carr rules gives parliaments a primarily urban bias. For this reason many countries including Malaysia allow rural constituencies to be smaller in population size than urban electoral districts. â€Å"Rural† or â€Å"urban† are not defined in the Constitution and wide disparities in population exist from constituency to constituency. Population, geographical size and the urban-rural dichotomy seem to have exerted influence. Labuan, Putrajaya, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Sabah and Perlis are over-represented. Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Terengganu are under-represented in the federal legislature.

Communication Essays - Nonverbal Communication, Romance, Free Essays

Communication Essays - Nonverbal Communication, Romance, Free Essays Communication Question 1 Option A Communication between two people sometimes is misinterpreted. One aspect of communication that makes it easy to distort the message being sent to a person is the use of nonverbal codes. Nonverbal codes are codes of communication consisting of symbols that are not words including nonword vocalizations.(P/N 73) The two categories I choose for this test are kinesics and paralinguistic features. Kinesics is the posture, movement, gestures, and facial expressions that are used to send a message. (P/N 73) One example of this is giving the finger to another person, which is showing only your middle finger to someone. This is socially accepted within the group of friends that I run around with, because it is saying, forget you I dont want to hear it, but nothing more is thought of it. It is used in a joking manner, if you are being serious then it is not the right situation to use it. If it is misinterpreted, or used in a serious manner, then it will most likely offend the person that it was directed to. At the same time you only want to give the finger to someone who you are friends with on a personal level. These rules are just a set standard, which are learned through observations. Paralinguistic features are the nonword sounds and nonword characteristics of language. (P/N 79) An example of this is when someone yawns. This is when someone is tired; the body does not function as well. Their circulation is not as good and the body is trying to get more air to the brain. It is socially accepted because it is something that can not be controlled. However, it is also considered rude to do when someone is talking to you because the impression that you are not listening is given to the speaker. In return, if done frequently enough the impression that you do not like the person can be given. This rule is learned from observation. It is important to be aware of the implicit rules for cultural/co-cultural nonverbal codes because if not known then you can easily offend people. The example of giving the finger to someone might mean something else in another country. It might mean nothing at all; in that case, people would not understand you. On the other hand, it also might mean something terrible mean, and then you would offend them. It is important to understand these rules so the signals that you are intending to send will not be misunderstood. Question 2 Option B The Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses states that you can only feel what you can explain in words. If you do not have the words to explain a feeling then you can not feel that feeling to the full extent. Someone who can explain it in words will have a more enriching experience. I personally disagree with this statement. I have to say that when you fall in love no one can explain it completely, but it does not take away from their experience because they can not explain it. My personal example of this would have to be of a church retreat that I went to four years in a row. It was the most wonderful thing that happened to me. The worshiping and the love that I felt with the people there is just indescribable. I do not feel that just because I could learn how to describe it that it would make my experience any better. The only thing it would allow me to express the feeling. This theory is not important to studying communication. Since what is actually stated is not true what good does it do. I feel that people who have a bigger vocabulary might be able to describe the situation better, which in turn means better communication. However, this is not what the hypothesis is stating. Question 3 In a relationship, there are stages that it will go through. While going through these stages, not every relationship will hit every stage, and in the relationship, some stages will occur more than others will. The three most important stages are intensifying, bonding, and differentiating. Intensifying is the stage where the two people where notice that they have a relationship and try to take it to a higher

To Kill a Mockingbird (Atticus essays

To Kill a Mockingbird (Atticus essays Although Atticus describes Mrs. Dubose as "the bravest person I ever knew", it is Atticus himself who is the real hero of the novel. Atticus is unlike most heroes, he is a humble, intelligent man who teaches his children that moral courage is far greater than being brave with a gun in your hand. Throughout the novel his character shows compassion and sympathy for the less fortunate, whether they be right or wrong. In a time in America where blacks were considered to be subhuman he has a black woman raising his children and defended an innocent black man,doing so with integrity and pride. Atticus Finch is a good lawyer, who believes in justice and the justice system. Atticus Finch would have been one of the few lawyers of his time who could honestly admit that he believes that the justice system should be colour blind. Through Scouts eyes we only get the smaller details of the Tom Robinson trial in the beginning, although her point of view also makes Atticus, her father, seem to us, as he would seem to her: a hero. In his closing statement Atticus stated a famous quote from a man admired by most the people in the court room and most importantly on the jury he said " Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal .... we know that all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe - some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they are born with it.... But there is one place in this country in which all men are created equal - there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man an equal of Einstein and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. This institution, gentlemen, is a court .... in our courts all men are created equal" (pg. 209). Atticus is a very intelligent and well educated man. This is evident his personal beliefs and high moral standards are told to his adolescent children as advice. His civ ...