Reinsurance Business Essays - Types Of Insurance, Reinsurance

Reinsurance Business Amount SHARE REINSURANCE AGREEMENT DWVD NO. 900804 for Fundamental COLLEGE ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS Clinical EXPENSE INSURANCE (hereinafter alluded to as the Agreement) made and gone into by GERBER LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY White Plains, NY (hereinafter alluded to as the Company) what's more, PHOENIX HOME LIFE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY Enfield, CT (hereinafter alluded to as the Reinsurer) Successful: January 1, 1999 - December 31, 1999 Chapter by chapter guide ARTICLE I ? Gatherings TO AGREEMENT 1 ARTICLE II ? Premise OF REINSURANCE 2 ARTICLE III ? Maintenance AND LIMIT 3 ARTICLE IV ? INURING REINSURANCE 4 ARTICLE V ? FACULTATIVE REINSURANCE 5 ARTICLE VI - EXCLUSIONS 6 ARTICLE VII ? Successful DATE AND DURATION OF AGREEMENT 7 ARTICLE VIII ? REINSURANCE PREMIUMS 8 ARTICLE IX ? PREMIUM REPORTS 9 ARTICLE X ? Surrendering ALLOWANCE/EXPENSES 10 ARTICLE XI ? Money 11 ARTICLE XII ? Cases NOTIFICATION 12 ARTICLE XIII ? Cases SETTLEMENT AND AUDIT 14 ARTICLE XIV ? EXTRA CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 15 ARTICLE XV ? SUBROGATION 16 ARTICLE XVI ? Recompense 17 ARTICLE XVII ? Cases FUND 18 ARTICLE XVIII ? Balance 19 ARTICLE XIX ? Domain 20 ARTICLE XX ? OVERSIGHTS 21 ARTICLE XXI ? ACCESS TO RECORDS 22 ARTICLE XXII ? Indebtedness 23 ARTICLE XXIII ? Intervention 24 ARTICLE XXIV - CONTROLLING LAW 25 ARTICLE XXV ? SEVERABILITY 26 ARTICLE XXVI ? Unapproved REINSURERS 27 ARTICLE XXVII ? Charges 29 ARTICLE XXVIII ? Government EXCISE TAX 30 ARTICLE XXIX ? Privacy 31 ARTICLE XXX ? Whole AGREEMENT 32 ARTICLE XXXI ? Go-between 33 ARTICLE XXXII ? EXECUTION 34 ARTICLE I ? Gatherings TO AGREEMENT This Agreement is exclusively between the Company and the Reinsurer and the exhibition of commitments of each gathering under this Agreement will be rendered exclusively to the next gathering. In no cases will anybody other than the Company or the Reinsurer have any rights under this Agreement with the exception of perceiving the Company has the sole obligation regarding the assessment and arrangement of the Underwriting Manager, Managed Care Concepts of Delaware, Inc. (MCCI). Further, it is concurred that Associated Accident and Health Reinsurance Underwriters (AAHRU), a taking part Reinsurer, is considered to be the Lead Reinsurer. In that limit, all activities of the Lead Reinsurer will be made to the greatest advantage of this Agreement and official upon the different reinsurers. Should the Company select another Underwriting Manager, the Reinsurer must favor any adjustment in the Underwriting Manager, in any case the Reinsurer has the option to drop at the hour of progress. This Agreement will be authoritative upon the gatherings, their beneficiaries, and replacements, assuming any. ARTICLE II ? Premise OF REINSURANCE On and after the viable date of this Agreement, the Company will surrender and the Reinsurer will acknowledge as reinsurance, a Quota Share partition, as appeared inside ARTICLE XXXII ? EXECUTION, of the risk on strategies, covers, agreements or understandings of protection, hereinafter alluded to as approaches, gave or reestablished by the Company on or after the powerful date of this Agreement and endorsed for and for the benefit of the Company by the Underwriting Manager and named Basic College Accident and Sickness Medical Expense Insurance, as depicted underneath: Essential College Accident and Sickness Medical Expense Insurance: Overabundance of all other substantial and collectible protection gave to the qualified understudies (different classes including, local undergrad, residential alumni and remote understudies) and their qualified wards. In the event that the qualified understudy doesn't have essential protection, this arrangement will be essential. A few plans might be composed on an essential reason for which advantages will at that point be facilitated with some other arrangement wherein the understudy is secured as a ward. Premiums must be paid before protection is in power and substantial. The most extreme advantage per individual secured safeguarded is $500,000. ARTICLE III ? Maintenance AND LIMIT The Reinsurer consents to acknowledge a fixed extent of 85% of the first $500,000 per individual per hazard for all business subject to this Agreement. The Company consents to hold for its own record 15% of the first $500,000 per individual per hazard for business subject to this Agreement. ARTICLE IV ? INURING REINSURANCE Inuring Reinsurance ? The Company and the Reinsurer consent to buy abundance of misfortune reinsurance that protects to the advantage of all essential standard offer members of this bargain for all per individual dangers that surpass $500,000. The price tag and reinsurance security to be affirmed by the Company and Lead Reinsurer. Should worthy reinsurance not be accessible, the Company and Lead Reinsurer will reexamine this Agreement as needs be. ARTICLE V ? FACULTATIVE REINSURANCE For business that doesn't meet

Impact of Islam on West Africa Essay

Islam affected West Africa from numerous points of view. It changed the people’s perspectives on their rulers, and in certain individuals, even the manner in which they saw the world. Different angles remained the equivalent, similar to the convictions of the agnostic individuals and how they lived. The most significant association that Islam made comprehensively was the foundation of exchanging focuses and courses. At the point when Muslims brought Islam into West Africa from over the Sahara, Africans were pulled in to it since it helped them through a period where their rulers were evolving. Rulers were incredibly pulled in to the Islamic thought of state and religion being joined under one ruler since they figured it would help strengthen their power. Additionally, many lower individuals changed over to Islam as a result of its populist convictions. The way that all individuals were seen as equivalents engaged them, for they at that point would be equivalent to the individuals that looked downward on them. From various perspectives, Islam changed the perspectives on the individuals in West Africa. As Islam was developing quickly, numerous individuals were changing over, yet agnostic individuals would not like to change their polytheistic perspectives on life since that was the main thing they needed to anticipate. In contrast to Hinduism, Islam was severe when it came to incorporating different convictions alongside theirs. Agnostic individuals made up an enormous piece of the West African populace. Hence with the goal for Islam to spread considerably further, Sufi spiritualists incorporated agnostic convictions into Islam. The convictions didn't change, and the agnostic individuals found a sense of contentment with the agnostic individuals and its thoughts. In worldwide setting, Islam made a significant association with different pieces of the world through exchange. West Africa had numerous focuses where Muslims built up exchanging focuses that exchanged with Asia and Europe. Exchange spread Islamic plans to different pieces of the world, acquainting new areas and domains with populist and monotheistic convictions. These convictions helped different areas on the planet manage war, vanquishing of their property, and unlawful tax assessment that was a piece of the people’s every day lives. Without setting up exchange courses, Islam couldn't have affected different pieces of the world as much as it had in such a brief timeframe. The progressions Islam made in the perspectives on the West Africans helped them traverse unpleasant occasions, and bound together them. The progression of the convictions of the agnostic individuals additionally helped Islam spread, and kept the vast majority of the domain all together. The effect of Islam in various manners bound together West Africa, and set up significant associations around the globe.

Lysistrata Essays (923 words) - Lysistrata, Women In War, Myrrhine

Lysistrata Lysistrata A play about creation war - and not having intercourse? The Talbot Theater creation of Lysistrata both engaged and charmed this individual from the crowd, who was there incompletely as a result of an English task necessity, however basically as a result of the chance to appreciate a live theater creation. The performance center organization utilized a wide range of parts to breath life into this antiwar play that night on the stage. These parts can be broken into three classes, which outwardly upgraded the content of the play. The first of these classes is the setting, the stage lighting, and the props. The subsequent segment is the imagery of a portion of those props, and the third segment is the character depictions by the on-screen characters on the stage. To return us to antiquated Greece, the props ace utilized a straightforward translation utilizing sections on a raised arrangement of steps, with a background of blue. To add to the vibe of the time, a sculpture remains in the stage. This stage serves twofold obligation as the Akropolis and as the Citadel, the two of which the ladies have involved. At the point when the men light a fire beneath the dividers of the Akropolis, smoke spills out of the heap of sticks, causing it to show up as though a fire has truly been touched off. Luckily the ladies are prepared and the fire is stifled and the men all soaked with water, which is depicted well with basins and activities that look as though the men are being driven away by the water. When Kinesias comes to see Myrrhine, and they head off to Pan's cavern, the stage lighting is darkened to give the impact of the murkiness of being in a cavern. The most strikingly visual utilization of stage props is the presence of overwhelming erect phal luses under the tunics of all the male fundamental characters during the second 50% of the play. These apparently bizarre male individuals serve to represent the disappointment of the men. Notwithstanding, they are additionally an image of how the men's political force has been superceded by the crude desire for sex, and how the ladies currently hold control over the men. The sculpture, which is on the stage, is wearing reinforcement and represents the war. The shield is taken by the ladies to be utilized to swear their promise, yet they rapidly understand that they can't swear for tranquility on a shield utilized for war. This warrior sculpture vanishes toward the finish of the play, returning as a female, the sculpture of PEACE, significantly shapelier and all the more luring to the men. The characters introduced the most noteworthy visual segment. Lysistrata was depicted superbly as a sensible lady who has had enough of war and is eager to lead a transformation to end it. The majority of the remainder of the ladies are depicted as being foamy seemingly insignificant details, progressively keen on attire, shopping and sex, interests which Lysistrata feels that she can utilize to achieve the adjustment in the men's mentalities. The outfits on the fundamental characters evoked the picture of the time, and assisted with characterizing the characters. Both the individuals from the female ensemble and the male tune are wearing white, to keep them separate in our psyches from the fundamental characters of the story. Be that as it may, they are utilized in such a path in the play as to clarify a great deal of the story to us via conveying a ton of the activity and discourse of the fights between the genders. The fundamental characters utilized various acting strategies to pass on the pictures of the play. Lampito holds herself distinctively and talks with a highlight, and in spite of the fact that she is dressed to some degree equivalent to different ladies, we understand that she originates from Sparta. The Magistrate swaggers on to the stage, joined by a constable, just to be badgering and at last mortified by the ladies, who won't be captured. They reverse the situation on the constable by tying him up with his own rope, and afterward send the judge and the constable pressing. Comic minutes happen when the edgy for-sex ladies attempt to slip away from the Citadel and are gotten by Lysistrata.

The Tragic Comedy of The Winter’s Tale - Literature Essay Samples

William Shakespeare’s vast collection of plays can generally be categorized by genre: his plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Hamlet are considered tragedies, while Twelfth Night and A Midsummer Night’s Dream are considered comedies. One of his plays, however, falls short of both categories: The Winter’s Tale, written in the early 1600’s. Though The Winter’s Tale draws on elements of both comedy and tragedy, the play simply cannot be boxed into one genre because of all the different features that come into play throughout the story. The first few acts of the play tend to show off the more tragic elements of a Shakespearean production, while the last few bring about a more comedic mood; so which genre can The Winter’s Tale be considered? Due to the use of both tragic and comedic elements throughout The Winter’s Tale, I would like to contend that it is a tragic comedy as opposed to a comic tragedy because of its ending and the me ssage it leaves. The first three acts of The Winter’s Tale display elements typical of Shakespearean tragedies, especially regarding King Leontes. When the audience is first introduced to Leontes, he is unsuccessfully attempting to convince his good friend Polixenes to stay in their kingdom for just a few days longer. He enlists the help of his wife Hermione, who succeeds in convincing Polixenes to remain in Sicilia for a week more. Seeing this interaction between his wife and his childhood friend leaves Leontes distressed and immediately suspicious: â€Å"to be paddling palms and pinching fingers, As now they are, and making practiced smiles As in a looking glass, and then to sigh†¦ O, that is entertainment My bosom likes not, nor my brows† (1.2.146-150). Leontes’ suspicion leads to an immense amount of jealousy, which leads us to the first element of Shakespearean tragedy in The Winter’s Tale: the fatal flaw. Leontes is distressed by the interaction he witnesses and suspects that Hermione and Polixenes are having an affair behind his back, so he orders his courtier Camillo to poison Polixenes. His rage and his jealousy cause Leontes to act rashly, and this irrationality and haste is a common theme of the fatal flaw. Instead of heeding the king’s orders, however, Camillo warns Polixenes of the threat to his life, and they both flee Sicilia. With no one left to blame but his wife, Leontes publicly accuses Hermione of infidelity and indicts that the child she is carrying is illegitimate then throws her in prison for good measure. To confirm his suspicions, he sends for the Oracle of Delphi; in the meantime, Hermione gives birth to a little girl. In the hopes that the sight of the child will calm Leontes, Hermione’s lady-in-waiting Paulina brings the baby to the king, who tells her, â€Å"This brat is none of mine. / It is the issue of Polixenes. / Hence with it, and together with the dam / Commit them to the fire† (2.3.119-12 2). He then orders Antigonus, Paulina’s husband, to abandon the baby somewhere desolate. Once news comes from the Oracle of Hermione and Polixenes’ innocence, the audience learns that Leontes and Hermione’s son Mamillius, who has fallen gravely ill at the accusations against his mother, has died. Subsequently, Hermione also dies. Leontes’ radical jealousy clearly has great effects on his family, damaging it seemingly beyond repair and making him penitent and regretful. If The Winter’s Tale were just a tragedy, the show would probably end here, with all hope for Leontes and his family seemingly lost forever. At the opening of Act IV, Time appears personified on stage and speaks to the audience, explaining that there has been a sixteen-year jump in the story: Impute it not a crime To me or my swift passage that I slide O’er sixteen years, and leave the growth untried of that wide gap, since it is in my power to o’erthrow law and in one self-born hour To plant and o’erwhelm custom (4.1.4-9). It may seem unusual for a Shakespearean play, and even a little disjointed or out-of-place in the flow of the play, but the appearance of Time on stage marks a shift in the theme and the mood of the show. In Act IV of The Winter’s Tale, the audience begins to see elements of a typical Shakespearean comedy. One of these classic elements is Autolycus’ song at the beginning of Scene 3, drawing on the archetypal use of song and dance in traditional comedies. Autolycus, an engaging and good-humored rogue, plays a trick on the Shepherd’s Son and steals from him; this whole act that Autolycus puts on is also typical of a comedy. It is the very final act of the play, however, that The Winter’s Tale truly sheds the traces of tragedy from the beginning and becomes what is normally recognized as comedy. Over the past sixteen years, Leontes has lived in self-loathing and shame for his actions and their subsequent effects, and Paulina has been encouraging his contrition all these years. The next scene is told secondhand by Autolycus and the lords of Leontes’ court; the audience learns that Perdita, the Shepherd’s daughter, has been recognized as the princess of Sicilia, and Leontes, Polixenes, his son Florizell, Perdita, Camillo and Paulina all go off to see the statue of Hermione residing in Paulina’s home. Upon their arrival, Leontes weeps, and the statue comes to life, revealing Hermione alive once again. Though it is unclear as to whether Hermione was ever dead or just hidden away by Paulina, she returns, and her family is reconciled. This is the classic happy ending so typical of Shakespearean comedies: Leontes, Hermione and their lost daughter Perdita are reconciled. Though Paulina’s husband Antigonus is lost forever, â€Å"never to be found again† (5.3.168), she finds a new husband in Camillo. Perdita and Florizell, whose love was once forbidden, is now celebrated; even though Mamillius is never to return, both kingdoms Sicilia and Bohemia have heirs, and their rulers are reconciled as friends once more. This reconciliation of family, friendship and kingdom is a perfect ending for a comedy, in spite of the elements of tragedy previously seen in the earlier acts of The Winter’s Tale. Because of the dual elements of tragedy and comedy throughout The Winter’s Tale, the play cannot be defined as one, but rather a tragic comedy. Though the beginning of the play displays classic elements of Shakespearean tragedy, it is the ending and the reconciliation of the play that makes it definably more comedic than tragic. The message that the play leaves audiences with proves that, while it is easy to destroy things in life that cannot come back, we can always come out on the other side just fine, and sometimes, it is even better than what we had before. This hope and resolution at the end of The Winter’s Tale makes it decidedly a tragic comedy, with the overarching themes of tragedy playing into the wholly comedic ending.

Comparing the Great Gatsby and American Beauty - 1954 Words

Set in the summer of the Roaring Twenties, The Great Gatsby follows the hedonistic and destructive lifestyles of the upper social classes of post-war America. This novel, written by F Scott Fitzgerald in the same time period, criticizes the shallowness of the actions of this outlandish generation and their eventual disillusionment with their society. American Beauty, the 1999 film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan ball, uses the setting of contemporary middle-class suburban America to examine the differences between the inner and outer realities of a â€Å"typical† American Beauty are obvious in connection between Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Mendes’ American Beauty are obvious in the themes, plots and the actions of the†¦show more content†¦The colossal dream that Gatsby builds up and holds onto eventually becomes his downfall and is the most prominent illustration of the failure of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby. Although it is the repercussions of their deceptive fantasies that Gatsby and Lester fall victim to, it was their continued search for love that leads them to these. Love is the principal value in The Great Gatsby and is illustrated best by the contrast of Gatsby’s idealized romantic love for Daisy with Daisy’s â€Å"love† for wealth and status, a love which is common to the majority of their irresponsible society. F Scott Fitzgerald emphasizes Gatsby’s â€Å"romantic readiness† through this contrast as well as Gatsby’s fall from grace that results in him becoming lost in â€Å"the colossal vitality of his illusions† (pg. 92). Daisy characterizes the power of a love of money in the Great Gatsby and is used by Fitzgerald in condemning Gatsby’s hedonistic society as well as his own. However it is the absence of love –rather than the presence- that is most prominent in AmericanShow MoreRelated F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The greatness of an individual can be defined in terms far beyond tangible accomplishments. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsbys greatness comes from his need to experience success and his will to achieve his dreams. Nick Carraway narrates the story, and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, is Gatsbys love. Daisy, however, is married to Tom Buchanan, a wealthy, arrogant womanizer who despises Gatsby. Gatsby feels the need toRead MoreElizabeth Barrett Browning And F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby984 Words   |  4 PagesThe universal values portrayed through the texts ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese’ (1845) by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ (1926) highlight the similar and different intertextual perspectives and values relevant to the Victorian Era and 1920 s Jazz Age. 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There Is Not One American Identity - 1066 Words

There is not one American identity. There is not a single consistent plan for what American policy is, should, or will be. Sure, this political scientist might present a plan for a specific crisis, but there is always a politician in the wings with another plan to counter the first. Every politician’s opinion is different, just as every citizen’s is. Our experiences shape our identities, as does the information we are fed in school, by our families and friends, as well as the media. The view I have of the United States and its place in the world is quite different than most because I am a first generation American. Moreover, my family comes from Venezuela, where their international policy is starkly different than America’s. The United States of America’s international role has unquestionably shaped my opinions, outlook, and behavior. To most Americans the United States works on an imperial system, they are the center of the world with the United States go vernment controlling most of the world with sanctions and leading by example. To other developed countries like Denmark, Australia, and Canada the image of the United States seems less like a hegemony and more like another country working toward the greater good. We see this in their news articles and in their responses to politicians’ speeches. For me, it is definitely beyond that. My parents and family still in Venezuela critic every action or lack thereof. My closest friends live in Scotland and England and frequentlyShow MoreRelatedHow Should One Define The American Identity?1642 Words   |  7 PagesHow should one define the American Identity? The American Identity should be defined as multicultural individuals who commit to similar common values, ideas, beliefs, and personal freedom rather than being defined by race, ethnic identity, and religion. 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In fact African American identity underwent drastic transformations between the eighteenth century and twentieth century. As Amistad, Federalist No. 54, The New Negro and The Souls of Black Folks shows, African American identity has shifted from an early tribal identity, to a dehumanized identity based in slavery, and finally to a ‘new type of Negro identity based in art and African origins. These transformationsRead More Diversity and the American National Identity Essays1637 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity and the American National Identity Greed is good, get get get, I want what you have, dont touch mine. This is what a friend of mine said when I asked for his conception of the American national identity is.1 Although this statement seems informal and absurd, it accurately reflects the dog-eat-dog world many people believe to be the American capitalist culture.2 Whether my friend said this with the intent of comic relief is inconsequential. 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Others develop their identities by the way they dress, music they listen to, and their sexual identity. We can clearly see some of the largest factors used to develop one’s identity is the area in which they live inRead More Compare and Contrast the Way in which Emerson and Thoreau Represents American Identity1290 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica became an independent nation, European culture was still playing its role. Therefore, American writers namely Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau presented an idea about American Identity. Emerson in The American Scholar and Thoreau in Walden represents the idea of American identity by connecting this concept with nature and individuality but Emerson presents his idea about American identity in an intelligent manner whereas Thoreau uses mockery to present his idea. 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In an effort to run away from the foreseer she fails and gains a mark on the middle of her forehead. The mark is a metaphoric representation of Jyotis gift of great insightRead MoreIdentity Of American Identity1101 Words   |  5 Pagesliberty, and the pursuit of happiness established over two centuries ago by the nation’s forebearers. Being American is about anticipating change and being provided with the environment to dream. Americans have dreamed of a more equal union, where Women obtain the right to vote and African Americans are social equals. The country’s images of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller inspire the American dream, where indi viduals are not satisfied with their socioeconomic standing and have the opportunity

Effect of Job satisfaction and Motivation towards Employee’s

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Job satisfaction and Motivation towards Employees Performance. Answer: Brief Description of Research Project, and What Participation Involves: The research project will involve an in-depth study on the impact that job satisfaction and motivation factors induce on the performance of employees. The major participants will be workers from various organizations who will voluntary be engaged in conveying information related to the research. The estimated number of participants will be 150 who will be randomly selected from various organizations. The invitation to participate in the research is through the human resource department that distributed the letters to the participants. The participants will participate in interviews and in filling questionnaires which may consume approximately 45 minutes of their free time. The participation involves conveying information via questionnaires and interviews. The interviews will be recorded and the questionnaires will be answered online and sent back to the researcher through the mail. Participation will call for honest feedbacks though undue pressure will not be put on the participants in any way. According to the nature of the research, the participants are required to be beyond 28years with at least 3years of working experience. The data that will be collected will be retained for at least 5years and the data can be used for other future studies(Myers 2013). The risks that may be faced by the participants include professional risks that may call for the participants to part with information such as the policies at their workplaces, violated policies, or the leadership structures of their organization. In addition, there may be psychological risks that will be tied to the exercise being stressful or sensitive to some point. Lastly, there may be relationship risks amongst the participants and their seniors or their colleagues appertaining to the nature of the information that may be given. The results of the research will be sent via mail to the participants (Seidman 2013). At no instance will the interests of the researcher be prioritized to prejudice the objectives of the research, such as pressuring the participants to give specific feedbacks so as to attain a predetermined outcome. I affirm to participate in this particular research, it is to my knowledge that I can withdraw from the exercise without prior reasons to the researcher. I am informed of the withdrawal process which will require me to fill a withdrawal form. I am aware that after the withdrawal, my data may be used in the compilation of the results of the study. I understand clearly that any information that I will render will be taken as confidential by the researcher. My identity as a participant is to be protected. I expect the researcher to comply with the Data Protection Act of 1998. I understand that I will be reimbursed for any expenses (travel costs, printing costs etc.) that I will incur during the research. I am informed that whatever that will be paid to me will be compensation but not a payment. Please note: As a participant, in case you have any concern(s) in regards to the research, you have the right to contact the researcher or to the DOS. In the instance, that you would wish to have the services of an independent party, then you will have to contact the HOD first. In addition, there shall be no waiver of any of your legal rights both as a citizen and as a worker. It should also be noted that any information that will be presented during the research and seem most likely to pose harm to human life will call for the duty to report to the legal authorities. Bibliography Myers, M 2013, Qualitative research in business and management, Sage. Seidman, I 2013, Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences, Teachers college press.

Management Practice and the Role of Theory

Introduction Management is one of the most important human activities. From the time human beings began forming social organizations to accomplish aims and objectives they could not accomplish as individuals, management has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts (Chatterjee Hambrick, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practice and the Role of Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As society continues to rely on group effort, and as many organized groups become large, the task of managers keeps on gaining importance and complexity (Gibson, Ragins Kram, 2009). Consequently, this has made managerial theory to become very critical in the management of organizations. The central thesis of this paper is that although some managers in different parts of the world could have achieved managerial success without having basic theoretical knowledge in management, it is important to emphasize the fact that managers who have mixed management theory in their day to day management practice, have had better chances of managing their organizations more efficiently and effectively to achieve both individual as well as organizational objectives. Managers of contemporary organizations therefore, ought to appreciate the important role played by theoretical knowledge in their respective organizations if they are to achieve the desired goals (Mills Margulies, 1980). In addition, there is need to promote excellence among all persons in an organization, especially among managers themselves. To address these concerns, the paper will start by first explaining what management is for purposes of conceptual clarity. It will then proceed to look at management objectives, functions, goals, and essentiality. Towards the end, different management theories and the role of theory in management practice will be examined. Definition of Management Management may be defined as the art, or science, of achieving goals through effective management of people. Considering that part of what managers do is to supervise staff, management may also be interpreted to refer to the act of making sure that people do what they are supposed to do. Managers are, therefore, expected to ensure greater productivity or continuous improvement in the way an organization performs. More broadly, management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish set objectives aims (Koontz Weihrich, 1990).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its expanded form, this basic definition means several things. First, as managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Second, management applies to any kind of organization. Third, management is an ac tivity that has to be undertaken by managers at all levels of the organization. Fourth, the aim of all managers is to create surplus for the organization. Finally, managing is concerned with productivity and this implies effectiveness as well as efficiency. Management therefore refers to the development of official procedures that derives their importance from the need for strategic planning, coordination, directing and controlling of large and complex decision making processes. However, procedures or rules should not be seen as ends in themselves. They are simply avenues to arrive at the intended aims. Essentially, therefore, management entails the acquisition of managerial competence, and effectiveness in the areas of problem solving, administration, human resource management, and organizational leadership. Problems keep emerging all the time in the course of an organization struggling to achieve its goals and objectives and they must be solved. In the process of solving a problem it is critical for manager to clearly identify the problem, analysis it and implement the suggested remedies (Connolly, Conlon Deutsch, 1980). Administration involves following laid down procedures for the execution, control, communication, delegation and crisis management while human resource management should be based on strategic integration of human resource, assessment of workers, and exchange of ideas between shareholders and workers. Finally, organizational leadership should be developed along the lines of interpersonal relationship, teamwork, self motivation to perform, emotional strength and maturity to handle situations, personal integrity, and general management skills. Management Objectives, Functions, Goals, and Essentiality Management Objectives There are basically three management objectives. One objective is ensuring that organizational goals and targets are met with least cost and minimum waste. The second objective is to look after the health, safety and welfare of all staff. The third objective is to protect the machinery and resources of the organization, which also includes the human resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practice and the Role of Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Management Functions To understand management, it is imperative to break it down into five managerial functions. These are; planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives as well as the necessary actions required to achieve them. It requires decision making to choose future courses of action from among the available alternatives. Typically, plans will range from overall purposes and objectives to of the organization the most detailed actions to be taken. Practically, no real plan exists until a decision has been made. By arriving at a decision, an organization is, in essence, agreeing to make a commitment o f human as well as material resources. In other words, before a decision is made, all that exists is a proposal and a not a real plan. People working together in groups to achieve set goals must have roles to play. Generally, these roles have to be defined and structured by someone who wants to make sure that people contribute in a specific way to group effort. Organizing, therefore, is that part of management that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an organization. Intentional in that all tasks necessary to accomplish goals are assigned to people who can do them best. Indeed, the purpose of an organizational structure is to help in creating an environment for human performance (Ng Sears, 2012). However, designing an organizational structure is not an easy managerial task considering that many problems are encountered in making structures fit situations, including both defining the kind of jobs that must be done and finding the people to d o them. Staffing involves filling, and keeping filled, the positions as depicted in the organization structure. This may be done by identifying work force requirements, having an inventory of the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently. Directing has to do with influencing people so that they will contribute to organization and group goals. It has to do predominantly with the interpersonal aspect of management. The most important problems to managers arise from people’s desires and attitudes as well as their behavior as individuals and in groups. Effective managers therefore, need to be effective leaders as well.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Controlling is the act of measuring and correcting activities of subordinates to ensure that events conform to stipulated plans. It measures performance against goals and plans, shows where negative deviations exist and, by putting in motion actions to correct deviations, helps to ensure that plans are accomplished. Although planning must precede controlling, plans are not self achieving (Toor Ofori, 2009). Plans guide managers in the use of resources to accomplish specific goals and to ensure that activities are checked to determine whether they conform to the plans. Persons who are responsible for results that differ from planned actions have to be located and necessary steps taken to improve performance. Therefore, by controlling what people do, managers are able to control the organizational outcomes. Finally, coordination is the essence of managing so as to achieve harmony among individual efforts toward the accomplishment of group goals. Each of the managerial functions discu ssed earlier is an exercise contributing to the aspect of coordination. Considering that individuals often interpret similar interests in different ways, and their efforts toward mutual goals do not automatically agree with the efforts of others, it becomes important for the manager to reconcile the differences in approach, timing, effort, or interest, and to ensure that individual goals are harmonized to contribute to organizational goals. Although these management functions concern the internal environment for performance within an organization, managers must operate in the external environment of an organization as well. Clearly, managers cannot perform their tasks well unless they have an understanding of, and are responsive to, the many elements of the external environment that affect their areas of operations. These external elements include economic, technological, ethical and social as well as political elements. Management Goals First and foremost, the logical and publicly desirable aim of all managers in all kinds of organizations, whether business or non-business, should be a surplus. Managers must therefore establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials, and personal dissatisfaction or in which they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources. The second goal or aim of all managers is that they must be productive. As a matter of fact, government and the private sector generally recognize the urgent need for productivity improvement. Productivity improvement is about effectively performing the basic managerial and non-managerial activities. Simply defined, productivity is about the output-input ratio within a time period with due consideration for equality (Barling, Christie Turner, 2008). Lastly, productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency in individual and organizational performance. Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives while effici ency is the achievement of the ends with the least amount of resources. Management as Practice Managing, like all other practices is an art. It generally refers to the act of operating based on the reality and not assumptions. By making reference to existing knowledge, research has demonstrated that managers can perform in a more efficient manner. It is this knowledge that constitutes science. However, the science of management is fairly crude and inexact (Fleet, 1994). This is true because the many variables with which managers deal are extremely complex. This not withstanding, the use of existing knowledge will certainly make the practice of management better. Without making reference to the available management theories, managers are bound to make mistakes that may easily be avoided. It is therefore extremely essential for management practitioners to use the available pool of knowledge to improve performance at all levels of the organization (Ghoshal, 2007). The pool of knowledge is what is commonly referred to as theory. For practical purposes, all managers must develop three sets of skills namely; conceptual, technical, and human (Peterson Fleet, 2004). Conceptual skills allow the manager to develop relationships between factors that other people may not see. Managers who have well developed conceptual skills are able to apply different management theories to the same situation. For a manager to be technical, it implies that he or she is able to act professionally. Professionalism demands that the manager performs his or her duties within established procedures, rules and regulations. Any behavior that compromises the manager’s professional etiquette is certainly bound to interfere adversely with the organization’s productivity. Lastly, a manager should be able to see members of the organization as human beings who have needs and psychological feelings and emotions. These needs and feelings must be positively harnessed for the good of the o rganization. Motivation of the employees, therefore, becomes a critical factor in increasing productivity. The Importance of Management in any Organization Managers are charged with the responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives. Management therefore applies to small as well as large organizations, to profit and not for profit organizations, to manufacturing and service industries. However, a given situation may differ considerably among various levels in an organization or various types of organizations (Umstot, 1980). The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different. To obtain results, all managers must establish an environment for effective group endeavor. Even though all managers carry out managerial functions, the time spent for each function may differ. It is typical for top level managers to spend more time on planning and organizing tha n lower level managers. On the other hand, directing takes a great deal of time for first line supervisors (Rousseau McCarthy, 2007). The difference in the amount of time spent on controlling varies only slightly for managers at various levels. The manager is, therefore, the dynamic, life giving element in every single business. Without the leadership of the manager, resources meant for production remain mere resources and never become production (Pfeffer Fong). In a competitive economy, the quality and performance of the managers determine the success of a business and by extension, its survival. Management Theories Contemporary theories of management tend to account for and help interpret the rapidly changing nature of today’s organizational environments. Some of these theories are discussed as follows. Scientific Management School This theory was started by Frederick Taylor who considered the inefficient movement of men and women as a national loss. Taylor was convinced that science offered the best solution to human injustice. According to Taylor, the management approach described above offered no opportunity for improving performance. He was therefore, convinced that system had to change. Taylor’s strongest positive legacy was the concept of breaking a complex task down into a number of subtasks, and optimizing the performance of the subtasks. His suggestions were, however, met with so many criticisms. Classical Organizational Theory School In this category of management theory are the works of Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory and Henri Fayol’s administrative theory. According to Weber many people had to change tact and embrace new approaches to management. He was convinced that the humanistic style of management was eventually going to be done away with in favor of the new technically oriented styles of management. Behavioral School This was invented by Elton Mayo and his associates after they performed experiments that appea red to disprove Taylor’s beliefs. The origin of the behavioral school of thought is the human relations movement that was a result of the Hawthorne Works. Other categories include the systems approach, situational or contingency theory, chaos theory, as well as the team building theory. The Role of Theory in Management Practice Typically, every single managerial act rests on assumptions, generalizations, and hypotheses. This is to say that managerial actions are generally based on theory. Theories generally are closely linked to the way people perceive the experiences gathered over time (Stoner, Freeman Gilbert, 2003). It is a systematic grouping of interdependent concepts and principles that give a framework to, or tie together, a significant area of knowledge. Scattered data, for example, are not information unless the observer has knowledge of the theory that will explain relationships (Homans, 1958). There are a variety of approaches to management analysis, the mass of r esearch, and the number of differing views have resulted in much confusion as to what management really is, what management theory and science is, and how managerial events should be analyzed (Koontz, 1980). There is a body of opinion that says that management theory evolved during and after Second World War and has only been studied in depth since then. For better organizational performance, it is important for managers who apply theory to management to blend principles with realities. Generally, as soon as managers know about theory, they will have the capacity to anticipate future problems that may occur in the enterprise. In the field of management, then, the role of theory is to provide a means of classifying significant and relevant management knowledge. For example, in the area of designing an effective organization structure, there are several principles that are interrelated and that have a predictive value for managers (Hood, 2003). The theory of management is grouped into the five functions of management. There are basically three main reasons for studying management theory. First, theories provide a stable focus for understanding what is experienced. By and large, a theory provides criteria for what is relevant (Pitts, 1980). Second, theories enable us to communicate efficiently and thus move into more and more complex relationships with other people. Third, theories present a challenge for people to keep learning about the world and hence devise innovative ways to tackle problems encountered (Kalev, Shenhav Vries, 2008). There are also other important considerations for studying management theory. Among many others, it will help a manager to view the interrelationships between the development of management theory, behavior in organizations and management practice. A good understanding of the development of management thinking will also help a manager to understand the key principles that underlie the entire management process and hence be able to perform effectively. With a good knowledge of the available history, a manager will be able to understand the nature of management as well as organizational behavior. Finally, management theories are interpretive and evolve in line with changes in the organizational environment. Generally, theory provides a sound basis for carrying out any action. However, if action is to be effective, the theory must be adequate and appropriate to the task and to improved organizational performance. In other words, it must be a good theory. Conclusion A central part of the study of organization and management is the development of management thinking and what might be termed management theory. The application of theory brings about change in actual behavior. Managers reading the work of leading writers on the subject might see in their ideas and conclusions a message about how they should behave. This will influence their attitudes towards management practice. While organization as practice is art , organized knowledge about management is science. The development of management theory involves the development of concepts, principles, and techniques. Many theories about management exist and it is important for managers to combine their practice with theory for greater performance. Each approach or theory has its own characteristics and advantages as well as limitations. In some cases, it may be necessary to integrate different management theories. Finally, it is also important to recognize the fact that an organization is an open system that operates within and interacts with the environment. When the systems approach to management is used, inputs from the external environment and claimants is captured, processed and an output generated. It therefore follows that a manager who makes serious attempts to translate theory into reality is bound to increase productivity more than a manager who chooses to use the trial and error approach. Reference List Barling, J., Christie, A. Tur ner, N., 2008. Pseudo-Transformational Leadership: Towards the Development and Test of a Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 81 (4): 851 – 861. Chatterjee, A. Hambrick, D. C., 2011. Executive Personality, Capability Cues, and Risk Taking: How Narcissistic CEOs React to Their Successes and Stumbles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 56: 202 – 237. Connolly, T., Conlon, E. J. Deutsch, S. J., 1980. Organizational Effectiveness: A Multiple-Constituency Approach. The Academy of Management Review, 5 (2): 211 – 217. Fleet, D. D. V., 1994. Contemporary Management. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. Ghoshal, S., 2007. Bad Management Theories are Destroying Good Management Practices. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(1): 75 – 91. Gibson, D. E., Ragins, B. R. Kram, K. E., 2009. The Handbook of Mentoring at Work: Theory, Research, and Practice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54: 158 – 161. Homans, G., 1958. Social Behavior as Exchange. America n Journal of Sociology, 62: 597 – 606. Kalev, A., Shenhav, Y. Vries, D. D., 2008. The State, the Labor Process, and the Diffusion of Managerial Models. Administrative Science Quarterly March, 53: 1 – 28. Hood, J. N., 2003. The Relationship of Leadership Style and CEO Values to Ethical Practices in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 43 (4): 263 – 273. Koontz H., 1980. The Management Theory Jungle Revisited. The Academy of Management Review, 5 (2): 175 – 187. Koontz, H. Weihrich, H., 1990. Essentials of Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Mills, P. K. Margulies, N., 1980. Toward a Core Typology of Service Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 5 (2): 255 – 265. Ng, E. S. Sears, G. J., 2012. CEO Leadership Styles and the Implementation of Organizational Diversity Practices: Moderating Effects of Social Values and Age. Journal of Business Ethics, 105 (1): 41 – 52. Peterson, T. O. Fleet, D. D. V., 2004. The Ongoing Legac y of R.L. Katz: An Updated Typology of Management Skills. Management Decision, 42 (10): 1297 – 1308. Pfeffer, J. Fong, C., 2003. The End of Business Schools: Less Success than Meets the Eye. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 1(1): 78-95. Pitts, R. A., 1980. Toward a Contingency Theory of Multibusiness Organization Design. The Academy of Management Review, 5 (2): 203-210. Rousseau, D. M. McCarthy, S., 2007. Educating Managers from an Evidence-based Perspective. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 6(1): 84 – 101. Stoner, J. A. F., Freeman R. E. Gilbert, D. R., 2003. Management. New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall of India., 5 (2): 189 – 201. This essay on Management Practice and the Role of Theory was written and submitted by user Rihanna Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Buddha

Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. Because Buddhism does not include the idea of worshipping a creator God, some people do not see it as a religion in the normal western sense. The basic Buddhist teachings are straightforward: nothing is fixed or permanent; actions have consequences; change is possible. This enables people to realize and utilize the teachings in order to transform their experience and be fully responsible for their lives and to develop the qualities of wisdom and compassion. There are different forms of Buddhism throughout different cultures, but all traditions are usually characterized by non-violence, lack of dogma, tolerance of differences, and by the practice of meditation. The word â€Å"Buddha† is a title, not a name. It means â€Å"one who is awake†. It was first given to a man who was born as Siddhartha Gautama in Nepal 2,500 years ago. Siddharta was born into the royal family of a small kingdom on the Indian-Nepalese border. According to the traditional story he had an understanding that life includes the harsh facts of old age, sickness, and death. After consistent meditation he sat down beneath a pipal tree and vowed that â€Å"flesh may wither, blood may dry up, but I shall not rise from this spot until Enlightenment has been won†. After forty days, the Buddha finally attained enlightenment. During the remaining 45 years of his life he traveled through much of northern India, spreading his teaching of the way to enlightenment. The teaching is known in the East as the Buddha-dharma: the teaching of the enlightened one. The Buddha was not a God and he made no claim to divinity, and Buddhists see him as a guide who can lead one to enlightenment. Buddhism sees life as a process of constant change, and its ... Free Essays on Buddha Free Essays on Buddha Charles Hallmark "Buddhism V. Newdism" Buddhism is unlike most other religions. The founder of it is not a god, a savior, but simply a man who walked among men and freed himself from attachment and suffering. "Buddha's" name was Guatama Sakyamuni and he is the founder of what its followers call the Dharma. The origins of Buddhism lye in Indian religion. The religion is supposed to embody the personal transcendence of a person's inner world. Guatama left behind his wife, son, and finely furbished home in Kapilavashtu to seek enlightenment. It was the sight of suffering that encouraged him and at the onset of his journey his day's sages that discouraged him. He became despaired by the sages and their doctrines. Then one night Guatama Sakyamuni (or Siddartha Gautama) put him under a trance at which point he discovered enlightenment and became Buddha. Presently, this faith continues to inspire, redirect, and focus members of society. Buddhism improves the livelihood of most people although "new Buddhists" values are disconcord with those of their faith. My purpose of writing this paper is two fold: to make a reasonable argument of the contribution Buddhism has made and the beliefs a person who truly follows the doctrine should have. Buddhists believe that Nirvana is the Supreme Reality or truth that liberates us from suffering. God is considered to me an ephemeral, limited concept that fades and coincides with the cycle of life and death. Nirvana is an end to the cycle of life and death and its very meaning cannot be put into words. The mundane earth, the world that we see, is entirely an illusion of suffering. The path of disillusionment is compassion for everything. The doctrine carries a set of four (4) noble truths and seven (7) steps on the path. The four noble truths consist of truth of suffering, origin of suffering, extinction of suffering, and the path that leads to the extinction of suffering. There... Free Essays on buddha Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. Because Buddhism does not include the idea of worshipping a creator God, some people do not see it as a religion in the normal western sense. The basic Buddhist teachings are straightforward: nothing is fixed or permanent; actions have consequences; change is possible. This enables people to realize and utilize the teachings in order to transform their experience and be fully responsible for their lives and to develop the qualities of wisdom and compassion. There are different forms of Buddhism throughout different cultures, but all traditions are usually characterized by non-violence, lack of dogma, tolerance of differences, and by the practice of meditation. The word â€Å"Buddha† is a title, not a name. It means â€Å"one who is awake†. It was first given to a man who was born as Siddhartha Gautama in Nepal 2,500 years ago. Siddharta was born into the royal family of a small kingdom on the Indian-Nepalese border. According to the traditional story he had an understanding that life includes the harsh facts of old age, sickness, and death. After consistent meditation he sat down beneath a pipal tree and vowed that â€Å"flesh may wither, blood may dry up, but I shall not rise from this spot until Enlightenment has been won†. After forty days, the Buddha finally attained enlightenment. During the remaining 45 years of his life he traveled through much of northern India, spreading his teaching of the way to enlightenment. The teaching is known in the East as the Buddha-dharma: the teaching of the enlightened one. The Buddha was not a God and he made no claim to divinity, and Buddhists see him as a guide who can lead one to enlightenment. Buddhism sees life as a process of constant change, and its ... Free Essays on Buddha BIRTH In times long past, fully twenty-five hundred years ago, where are now the border-lands between Nepal and the northern parts of the provinces of Oudh and North Bihar, there were a number of little kingdoms inhabited by different races of people, each ruled over by its own Raja or King. One of these little kingdoms which lay some distance north of the present-day town of Gorakhpore, on the north side of the river Rapti, was the land of a race called the Sakyas, the king who ruled over them at that time being called Suddhodana. The family to which King Suddhodana of the Sakyas belonged was called the Gotama family, so that his full name was King Suddhodana Gotama; and the name of the chief city in his kingdom where he had his chief palace, was Kapilavatthu. This King Suddhodana had a chief queen whose name was Mahamaya. And after they had lived together for some time in married happiness, the Queen became aware that the day was drawing near when she should bring forth a child. So, before time came upon her, she asked her husband to give her leave to go and pay a visit to her own people who belonged to a city not very far away called Devadaha. King Suddhodana very willingly granted his chief Queen her wish, and sent out his men with orders to prepare the way for her, and do everything needed to make the journey to her father's house a pleasant and comfortable one for her. Now half way between Kapilavatthu and the town of Devadaha there was a very fine forest garden called Lumbini where the people of both places used to go in the hot weather to enjoy the cool shade of the great Sal trees of which there were many in the grove. Here in the month of May, these great trees were covered from top to bottom with lovely blossoms. In among their long branches flew many kinds of birds singing their sweetest songs so that the whole air was full of the sound of their warbling. And over and through the myriads of flowers, swarms of bee...

An Investigation on the Impact of Personalisation on Both Social Work Essay

An Investigation on the Impact of Personalisation on Both Social Work Practice and Service Users - Essay Example To achieve this, three social workers and two service users who are in receipt of Direct Payments will be interviewed in the process of this study. The interviews are primarily considered for an understanding of the impacts that the philosophy of personalization has on such social workers. Carr, S (2009), stated that â€Å"Personalisation is about meeting the needs of individuals in ways that work best for them. It includes prevention, early intervention, and self-directed support where service users are in control of arranging and managing their own support services. In the context of mental health services, personalization accommodates mental health promotion and maintenance: having choice and control over one’s life contributes to wellbeing.† Thus the concept or the philosophy of personalization stresses on the needs of individuals and tries to deal with those needs such that the individuals can be benefitted for their social causes and services through the needful support. The concept of personalization was formally designed by individuals from the field of information technology. According to Ferguson, I (2007) Charles Leadbeater, a former journalist and founder of personalization, worked for the Financial Times and Channel Four Televisions. Leadbeater has no social work background but works for think tank Demos, and his writings on personalization have become extensively influential. According to his ‘Social Work Review in Scotland on Personalization and Participation’ (2005) he emphasized that â€Å"Personalisation reconnects social workers with the goals and values underpinning the profession....putting users at the heart of services, enabling them to become participants in the design and delivery.....†. To brief the above statement it can be said that Leadbeater mentioned Personalisation being originated from social work values and good person-centered practice where an individual’s

Human Factors in aircraft operations in unfamiliar airfields Research Paper

Human Factors in aircraft operations in unfamiliar airfields - Research Paper Example As per a study, about 80% of the aircraft accidents happen during either landing or take-off of jets, and, thus, such accidents occur at close proximaty to an airport. Pilots may resort to unsafe acts, which may culminate into aircraft accidents due to human errors and violations of standard norms. This research essay will focus on the human factors witnessed by the aircrew in unfamiliar airfields and suggest ways and means to avoid and overcome fallacies that may lead to aircraft accidents. Introduction Some of the deadliest aircraft accidents happened not in the air but on the runways of airports. About 583 air passengers were killed in 1977 in the Canary Islands, when two jumbo jets crashed on a runway. A runway incursion accident in Chicago’s Midway airport in 1991 killed 34 air passengers. Unfamiliar braking system resulted in an accident in Chicago’s midway airport in December 2005. When a pilot took a wrong runway for takeoff in Lexington airstrip, about 49 air p assengers were killed in August 2006. When the captain was not able to manage for a gusty and strong cross wind during takeoff, the aircraft departed to the side of the runway in December 2008 at Denver International Airport. (NTSB 2012). Airport plays a pivotal role as it is the place where the aircraft is landing, taking off, parking, and taxing. According to ICAO (International Civil Aeronautics Organization), an aviation accident is one, which is happening of a fatal event during the operation of an aircraft. An accident in an airport may involve the following impacts namely as the accident in an airport during landing may involve severe damage to the atmosphere which includes the loss of property or life, and it may also create an acute social affliction. Further, airport accident while landing in a new location may emanate from various environmental factors like failure of equipment, human error and other associated risk elements. (Czerny, 2010, p.4-3). This research essay wil l conduct analysis about the issues faced by the pilots while landing at unfamiliar airfields and will make suggestion how to overcome the same. Issues Faced by the Pilots in Unfamiliar Airfields while Landing or Takeoff The ultimate safety of the aircraft and passengers are entrusted to the captain of the flight. There is a need on the part of the captain to understand strengths and Achilles' heel of each of the crew members and should be able to assign actions whenever it is needed. Under the Crew Resource Management (CRM), flight crew security is covered. In resolution of any probable security incident, captain is needed to treat and respect all crew members equally and properly. Proper training should be given to crew members to develop a strong state of mental ability for handling any critical situation. Each and every crew member should build up the buoyancy to be aware what is to be done in an emergency scenario and to react suitably when an incident occurs. (Williams & Wallt rip, 2004, p354). As per a study, about 80% of the jet aircraft accidents happen during either landing or take-off of flights, and thus such accidents are occurring at the proximate of an airport. Hence, there is a heightened peril of serious injury or death both to passengers and to the nearby communities residing close to the airport. If we analyze the happening of an accident during landing or take –off, one can find many reasons like the type of aircraft involved, the airport infrastructures, human factors and metrological conditions. Wong et

The Stone Carvers Essay Example for Free

The Stone Carvers Essay The Stone Carvers is a book of obsessions. Each one of the characters has their own obsessions that at one point they believe to be a natural and helpful to their lives. However each of the characters in The Stone Carvers learns that these obsessions with perfection, love, adventure, or anything end without them being able to be satisfied and on many occasions without achieving what they were obsessing over. The author Jane Urquhart made a compelling story on the nature obsession and the effects of obsession over any matter. The characters of the novel were fixated on a large range of ideas; they were obsessed with ideas from love to architecture and because of the diversity that Jane has shown that obsession of any form will always end without resolve. The conclusion about obsession can be grasped through the various trials that each character of the story is placed under. In The Stone Carvers Urquhart is able to show that obsession can never lead to a successful happiness, through a few powerful ideas; when someone is fixated on an idea the task may not be able to be completed, a person’s obsession can be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one thing can cause the person to lose track of the rest of their life. When someone is fixated on one task or idea their obsession may not ever be complete in their eyes. In Klara’s love affair with Eamon, Klara is obsessed with staying with and caring for Eamon. When Klara was not with Eamon she was thinking of him; â€Å"All the rest of the day she was thinking of the moments when Eamon’s arm was on her shoulder or his hands were in her hair.† (pg. 121) This obsession of love seems like a natural and healthy idea to have however Klara’s work begins to be influenced by their love and she begins to be jealous of anyone with a relationship with Eamon. Klara becomes particularly upset at one point she exclaimed â€Å"I saw you laughing, Eamon, with your friends outside the brewery. I think you’d forgotten me altogether, that’s what I think.† (pg. 117) Klara’s obsession with Eamon was never able to be complete because she would never be able to complete her storybook obsession of loving him and him loving her. Her obsession eventually led to an extended period of grieving her lost lover. Sometimes an obsession with something can actually blind the obsessed person into actually being counterproductive to their goals. In a minor case in The Stone Carvers Refuto, who broke down because he held himself responsible for his brother’s death, ran from his family to not bear with the pain of reuniting with them. Refuto’s reasoning for not going back to his family was that: â€Å"I could not put the burden of a killer on their shoulders.† (pg. 211) Refuto was obsessed with keeping his name clean and his family safe. When he ran away from home however his family was left to fend for themselves and live without his support. When he and Tilman had become friends was the only time that he realized he had been hurting his friends with his own obsession. When Refuto did get over his obsession and went home, his wife and he talked at length about the family and how they were able to get along for so long without him. Refuto said that â€Å"I was gone but Tilman told me to come back.† (pg. 215) Since his departure Refuto was able to â€Å"clear my head in four directions at once.† (pg. 215) This fixation on Refuto’s name had kept him away from his family but finally he was able to go back and correct what his obsession did to him. His obsession had blinded him to the harm that his actions had caused to his family. Instead of helping keep his family safe he was only harming it and only once he accepted that he had an unhealthy obsession was he able to return to his life with his family. When someone is fixated on an idea they tend to lose focus on other important aspects of their lives. In The Stone Carvers an example of this would be in Tilman and Klara’s mother, Helga. Helga had recently mourned what she thought was her son’s death and became obsessed, as soon as Tilman came home, with controlling where Tilman went and how he would live. Tilman however â€Å"responded neither to her questions nor her attempts at incarceration and intimidation but looked at her with confusion on his perfect face.† (pg. 63) Helga became so hysterically obsessed with keeping him with her that eventually she chained Tilman to the house however â€Å"Helga would never recover – not from his imprisonment and not from his escape.†(pg. 67) Tilman screamed and refused to eat while he was chained and his mother only then realized that she had made a mistake in obsessing over keeping Tilman caged. She pushed Tilman away with her passions for keeping him with her. The Stone Carvers shows that someone who is obsessed with an idea or task is more prone to making mistakes or causing a problem in a related aspect of their life. Throughout the book Jane was able to show her views on obsessions in persuasive undertones and themes throughout the entire novel. Jane was able to show that no matter how justified a fixation may seem the outcome is always negative. Throughout the novel the theme of obsession can be seen from the minor characters all the way to the major events of the story. Jane makes her case with many examples of the ways obsession can lead to the destruction of a person. She does this through showing that when someone has an obsession they might never be able to complete, a person’s obsession could be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one idea can cause the person to lose track of the important parts in their life. The persuasive undertones in the story are able to clearly convey the message of obsession being something that only harms the obsessed person. Walter Allward once said â€Å"I have been eating and sleeping stone for so long it has become an obsession with me. And incidentally, a nightmare.† (pg. VI) The inspiration for such a great novel and theme can be found in this quote because the amount of emotion that went into Walter’s work on the Vimy Ridge Memorial but also the tragic way Walter was unable to be truly happy after his most amazing creation. Works Cited

Gender Inequality Within the US Essay -- Gender Studies

The USA has a long history of bestowing freedom, choice and equal rights upon its citizens, but even though the US government no longer discriminates against race or nationality, gender is still an issue. Women’s rights have come a long way since August 26th 1920 - The date in which The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law, granting women the right to vote, but the fight is not over yet. Republican politicians like Rick Santorum and Rick Perry along with right-wing fanatics like Rush Limbaugh and fundamentalist religious groups want to profoundly change the rights of women in America. The radical ideologies embraced by these people attest that the use of contraception and the in statement of sexual education are abolishing core American values. The more extreme believe that women are too stupid to make their own medical decisions. These right-wing radicals wage zealous wars on female sexuality and a woman’s right to her own body. Unsurprisingly abortion and contraception are hot topics among the anti-feminists movement. Radical Christians see abortion as an unforgivable sin, even in the case of rape, and contraception as something that should simply be outlawed. The majority of these factions are predominantly white, Christian males. Interestingly enough there are no groups that protest men’s rights or claim that men have too much freedom over their bod ies. The battle over women’s rights to reproductive health care has recently taken a substantial legal step backwards. In 2011 alone, 19 states have enacted a total of 162 new laws relating to reproductive health. Unsurprisingly, 49 percent of these work to restrict access to abortion services, smashing the previous record of 34 legalized restrictions passed... ...male-dominated-student-government-and-why-it-matters/>. "Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2010." In the Election of November 2010. U.S Census Bureau, Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Mar. 2012. . "The 2012 Statistical Abstract." U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2012. . "USA QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau." U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. . "Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States." Guttmacher Institute: Home Page. Guttmacher Institute and the National Center for Health Statistics, June 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. .

Prince Case Study Essay

Over the years Prince has proven themselves as an industry leader in tennis racquets and equipment that has transformed the game of tennis through their innovations. They have proven themselves as innovators through their development of the first synthetic gut string and many other things that have met the levels of all tennis players. As the world of tennis changes and the number of participants increases, Prince is once again faced with a challenge to reinvent themselves to meet the demands of 21st century tennis players. The growth in tennis participation results in a change in the market environment and requires Prince to think of new ways to stay ahead of competition. In the 21st century the presence of technology and social media are two major tools that can be used to Prince’s advantage. Prince’s first attempt to use technology in a new racket innovation was a failure. They released aracket with â€Å"O Port† holes that was supposed to improve racquet speed. â€Å"The idea was to differentiate itself from the marketplace, but it wasn’t necessarily what the market wanted† (Rovell, 2012). Knowing the market demand when releasing a new product is one of the most important details to ensure success. Another issue they faced in the release is they put all their faith into this new development and lost focus on the other products that made them who they are today. To reverse this mistake I feel it is the right time with the tennis market growing to release a new type of racquet. This must meet the demand of the new emerging market while still paying attention to their older market to continue growth without loosing consumers. They can achieve this by directly contacting consumers and seeing what they would like or feel they are missing in a tennis racquet. Another idea to steer away from their last racquet release would be developing three new racquets that meet the need of each group. I don’t think its possible to develop a racquet that caters to all strokes and levels. I feel that using new technological developments to design a racquet based upon the three different strokes would meet the needs of all levels of their market. Along with the growth of the tennis industry, Prince needs to continually  market themselves and the industry to influence consumers to invest in their products. To accomplish this Prince could host local tennis tournaments in cities to get people playing the sport. As a result this would link tennis directly to their brand which markets themselves and the sport all in one to maximize profitability and gain consumer awareness. To increase their market segment and reach a new audience to increase their market presence they could sponsor a school tennis team or donate racquets to a school to get kids into the sport at a young age. If the child enjoys the sport the odds are the parent will purchase their products from Prince which is a great way to get a younger audience into the sport and also use this as a social media opportunity. They could start an after school tennis program with school where they donate equipment and teach kids the sport while keeping them active and out of trouble. This could certainly result in many opportunities for social media and increase brand awareness through their donations. Parents are always looking for ways to keep their children active and out of trouble so this serves as a great opportunity to do so and once again allows them to diversify their market and give them a competitive edge. As Prince begins to grow their company in attempt to keep up with 21st century demands they will need a new way to market and promote themselves to keep ahead of competition. One way to do this is hosting a sponsorship for players that can be promoted through social media such as twitter and Facebook. It is important for Prince to reach a younger audience and their large presence on social networks makes it important for them to gain as much presence through social media as possible. Each market segment has a different way to be reached so it is important for Prince to understand each of those markets and then decide how they will promote themselves according to their demands. The large number of distribution channels within Prince poses challenges but also holds many opportunities for growth. One of the most important distribution channel is mass merchants such as Wal-Mart. It is important that their presence within mass merchants is well received and this can be done by setting up specific displays to promote their product in which the general consumer of these stores will relate to. The way a product is promoted in Wal-Mart may be very different than the way its promoted in a specialty store. I feel that smaller store displays should be centered around the sponsored player linked to Prince. A store like Wal-Mart should have the display accessible and visible amongst the many products within the store. Wal-Mart is also known for their low prices so Prince should have a presence in the catalog and advertise discounts on their products within the catalog and in the the store. Wal-Mart can carry the lower end racquets to allow this discount where as smaller shops can carry higher end racquets to cater to their audience. Understanding the audience of each distribution channel will allow Prince to properly promote and advertise their product within each store. Another area that Prince relies on to generate revenue is the global market. Global success is extremely important in having a competitive advantage and constantly needs to be improved to meet global market demands. Being that tennis is played all over the world their global presence is just as important as it is in the US. Latin America has a large presence with professional tennis players and due to this the sport is continually growing in this area. To enhance their global presence I feel it is important to sponsor players outside of the US to maintain their global presence. When a consumer sees a professional player from their country using a Prince racquet it will influence them to purchase it. Prince should use the origin of top players and target these markets. There is a great deal of pride that comes when someone reaches a level in sports from your home country. Prince can use this to their advantage and enhance their market presence in the countries of professional players. Prince continues to be one of the leading companies in the world of tennis. They strive to continue their name as a top innovator in the field and maintain their global market presence. With the current growth in tennis participation there is no better time to re market themselves to stay ahead of competition and developing trends. Their impressive track record with major inventions over the years have shaped the game of tennis and give them  a competitive advantage. To accomplish the results they are after they need to create a new development that caters to their extensive market and increase their presence among youth by expanding their social media presence. The company has all of the tools for success and if implemented correctly they can solidify their spot as the top manufacturer in the world of tennis. Rovell, D. (2012, August 28). Tennis Company Prince Eying a Comeback . Retrieved from http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/dollars/post/_/id/1295/tennis-company-prince-eyeing-a-comeback Authentic brand group propels prince sports throughout the globe with key operating partners. (2012, August 16). Retrieved from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/authentic-brands-group-propels-prince-sports-throughout-the-globe-with-key-operating-partners-166404106.html Glassel, L., & Skaly , N. (n.d.). Prince sports, inc. tennis racquets for every segment [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078028892/943336/transcript_vc_Prince_Sports.pdf Kerin, R., Hartley, S., & Rudelius, W. (2011). Marketing. (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill-Irwin

Harriet Tubman And Five Greatest Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 845 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Harriet Tubman Essay Did you like this example? Comparing Harriet Tubman to five of the worldrs greatest leaders of all time, I will compare her to Adolf Hitler, Genghis Khan, Cesar Chavez, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King JR. Though some of these leaders believed in peace and were non violent, some of these leaders like Genghis Khan are notorious for their brutality. Something that a lot of them had in common is that they all led a great fight for what they believed in. Adolf led all of Germany in his quest of supremacy and genocide, like Genghis Khan got an entire empire together to conquer the world. While Martin Luther King JR had revolutionized an entire country to bring equality and peace to light, Gandhi revolutionized the world with his message of world peace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Harriet Tubman And Five Greatest Leaders" essay for you Create order Harriet Tubman was an outstanding lady who fought relentlessly in her battle for equality. Much like Gandhi, she was a civil rights activist. She had also led a nonviolent battle. She escaped what would have ultimately kept her down, and made a stand. She was also an abolitionist like Gandhi. She fought relentlessly to abolish the cruelty of slavery and racism that not only riddled our country, but rather riddled the countries surrounding us as well. But, where she and Gandhi differ, is that Harriet Tubman did not run a religious campaign though Gandhi did. She also had similar traits to those of Genghis Khan, though they had very different battles and had very different ideas. While Genghis Khan had sought out to take control of the entire world, Harriet Tubman had sought out to save the world and put an end to all the hatred that had taken over the southern United States. Genghis Khan is notorious to this day for his brutal force and violence he used in his expedition to conquer the world as well as his relentlessness, while Harriet Tubman is also known for her relentless fighting spirit but was not a violent protester. also, Harriet Tubman was an activist, rather than a ruler of an empire that sought world domination like Genghis Khan. Although both were outstanding civil rights leaders for african americans in the United States, they still had some differences. Martin Luther King JR fought for the same things as Harriet Tubman, but he was wealthy and had not suffered the same brutality that Harriet Tubman had suffered. Alo, Martin Luther King Jr was a wealthy scholar. Harriet being a former slave, she had no money to afford an education and she lived rather poor. They were both very influential characters in the civil rights movement, both led non violent campaigns, and both were extremely determined to make a change happen in our country so that we can have the level of equality that we have today. Another nonviolent civil rights activist was Cesar Chavez who also led a humongous revolution in the United States. While Harriet Tubman fought for the rights of the African American community, Cesar Chavez managed to create equality for the Chicano, or mexican american, community in America. They had both suffered the abuse of the white people who had attempted to hold them down and treat them as property rather than actual people., but still maintained their nonviolent stance. Cesar Chavez lost his home, and went into a deep depression afterwards. But harriet tubman didnt have a home, he went out and found a place to call home after escaping the slavery in the South. I found it surprising that with all she faced, Harriet Tubman never fought back violently, because with all the abuse she took, it must have taken even more courage to not fight back, but to fight back in peaceful protests. Another fact that I found to be surprising, is the that Harriet and someone as evil as Adolf Hitler did have something in common. Though the only similarity is that they both do everything in their power to secure their belief of a better future, it is still a similarity between them. Another fact that i found to be quite interesting, was the depression of Cesar Chavez. I would not have guessed that someone who had fought so hard and had so much determination, would then become even after winning his fight for equality. Also, I found it interesting that even with all the things Gandhi had went through, he remained such a peaceful man and never caused any harm to anyone. Finally, I found it to be very interesting the strength of Harriet Tubman. Rather than remaining hidden after escaping the south, she became an activist and fought for the entire country to be freed. In conclusion, through all the struggles and battles Harriet went through in her life, she was a very strong woman and made a great difference. Also, though these great leaders had their similarities, they were also very different from each other. These leaders each led an amazing fight for their beliefs, no matter if their belief was a good belief or a bad one. Either way, they are the worldrs greatest leaders of all time.